Ngũ hình trong bộ luật Gia Long

Definition
  1. Noun (Proper Noun):
    • The Five Punishments in the Gia Long Code: This refers to the five principal categories of corporal and capital punishment formally codified in the Gia Long legal code, the foundational law of the Nguyen Dynasty in 19th-century Vietnam. It represents a system of graduated penalties for crimes.
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • Bộ luật Gia Long quy định rõ năm loại hình phạt chính, gọi là ngũ hình. (The Gia Long Code clearly stipulates the five main types of punishment, called the Five Punishments.)
    • Hình phạt "đồ" trong ngũ hình bao gồm cả lao dịch khổ sai. (The "penal servitude" punishment within the Five Punishments included hard labor.)
Advanced Usage
  • The term "ngũ hình" is specifically tied to historical Vietnamese legal texts and discussions of pre-modern jurisprudence. It is not used in contemporary legal contexts.
  • Each punishment within the "ngũ hình" had specific sub-categories and methods of execution, reflecting the severity of the crime.
Variants and Related Words
  • Gia Long Code / Gia Long Luật: The legal compendium in which the "ngũ hình" were systematically defined.
  • Hình phạt: Punishment (the general modern term).
The Five Specific Punishments

This section details the components of the "ngũ hình" system as defined in the Gia Long Code: 1. Suy (Flogging): Beating with a rattan cane, typically 10 to 50 strokes. 2. Trượng (Bastinado): Beating with a heavy wooden stick, up to 100 strokes. 3. Đồ (Penal Servitude): Imprisonment with hard labor for 1 to 3 years, plus an additional beating of 60 to 100 strokes. 4. Lưu (Exile): Banishment to a remote region (from 500 to 3000 dặm), accompanied by a beating. 5. Tử (Death): Execution, primarily by two methods: giảo (strangulation) and trảm (decapitation). More severe forms included lăng trì (lingchi, slow slicing) and trảm khiêu (decapitation with public display of the head).

Synonyms
  • Five Punishments: The direct English translation.
  • Corporal and Capital Penalties: Describes the nature of the punishments.
Related Concepts
  • Lục hình: A related but sometimes distinct historical Chinese legal concept of "Six Punishments," which influenced the Vietnamese "ngũ hình."
  • Hình luật: Penal law.